The Things They Carried Essay - 1718 Words

The Things They Carried offered a unique and personal look into the life of one soldier’s experience. It showed how the war held obligations to its soldiers and expectations for each of the men to follow. The Things They Carried also showed a side of war that was not always seen in other documents and accounts such as Tim O’Brien thoughts and feelings during the war. However, many of the things O’Brien stated throughout his book is very similar to the experiences shared by men in the Civil War, World War I, and World War II. Moreover, despite some similarities, each war is unique and have their own distinctive causes and effects that have solidified their importance in American history. When it comes to war, it seems that most experiences†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, there are some substantial differences between the two wars that is worth pointing out. Though the Civil War was rough at times, many of the men volunteered to fight. They wanted to sta nd beside their beliefs and fight for the cause they thought was most just4. In the Vietnam War, most men were drafted and were forced to fight despite their beliefs on the war. Additionally, most men fought in Vietnam not because they thought it was just, but because they did not want to face the harsh disgrace from their families and their country. World War I was initially started due to the buildup of German power. As European countries began to take sides, America wanted to stay neutral; however, once it was made clear that debts would not be paid if France and Britain lost, the US decided to intervene and enter into the war5. Although World War I and the Vietnam War were initially started because of an uprising power, the reasons for why America entered differed. Though some money was involved, America entered Vietnam to stop it from being becoming similar to China and adopting communism6. Also, the Vietnam War did not involve other European countries as heavily as World War I did. In a letter written by an anonymous soldier during World War I, he talked about life in battle, general fears, and killing a German soldier withShow MoreRelated Things They Carried Essay: Strength in The Things They Carried980 Words   |  4 PagesStrength in The Things They Carried  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Everybody has to deal with adversity at some point in their lives. The adversity that they go through varies from person to person. For First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross, he had to make it through the Vietnam War alive. In the short story, The Things They Carried, where Cross draws his strength from is somewhat unclear. He seems strong at the beginning of the story, but then again, he also seems to be gaining strength towards the end of the story. ThisRead More the things they carried Essay1091 Words   |  5 Pages The things they carried,by Tim Obrien nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;quot;Oh man, you fuckin trashed the fucker. You scrambled his sorry self, look at that, you did, you laid him out like fuckin Shredded Wheat.quot; I chose to start off my essay with this particular exert from the book because I think that it very much represents the story in itself. Azar said this, after Tim (supposedly) killed a Vietnamese soldier with a hand grenade. It shows that in times of war, how callous men can becomeRead MoreEssay on The Things They Carried515 Words   |  3 PagesThe Things They Carried The Things They Carried, by Tim OBrien, is a generalization of his own experiences in Vietnam although the story itself is a work of fiction there is still much to be learned from it. Through the actions of soldiers in The Things They Carried we can begin to explore the effect war has on the human condition and the toll it plays on their minds. Some of the themes in the book, The Things They Carried, are bravery and what true bravery is, truth and how the manipulationRead MoreThe Things They Carried Essay1015 Words   |  5 PagesThe text, ‘The Things They Carried, is an excellent example which reveals how individuals are changed for the worse through their first hand experience of war. Following the lives of the men both during and after the war in a series of short stories, the impact of the war is accurately portrayed, and provides a rare insight into the guilt stricken minds of soldiers. ‘The Things They Carried shows the impact of the war in its many forms: the suicide of an ex-soldier upon his return home; the lesseningRead MoreEssay On The Things They Carried1624 Words   |  7 PagesFor the seventeen Soldiers portrayed in â€Å"The Things We Carried† by Tim O’Brien, the physical pain was very minimal weight to carry compared to the emotional scars that they will carry throughout their entire life. This story does an amazing job portraying full human emotion that anyone put into a situation would feel, such as heavy guilt, sadness, anger, lack of motivation, perseverance, horror, and false security. All of these are notorious feelings that every soldier back in history, and now stillRead More The Things They Carried Essay2450 Words   |  10 Pagesand extremely prosperous. The 90’s were fraught with media propaganda about the economy and international relations. This media coverage made many Americans feel that they were invincible. The media never really covered the Middle East where things were about to boil over and hatred for the U.S. was about to get primetime attention. On the morning of September 11, 2001 the United States got a rude awakening to this hate that is held for our â€Å"invincible† country. This awakening came asRead More The Things They Carried Essay1107 Words   |  5 Pagesstory an example of this is Tim O’Brien’s â€Å"The Things They Carried†. As the story goes on it shows not only the literal meaning of what they carried but also symbolically the burdens that they had mentally. In the literal sense O’Brien talks about what different members of a platoon in Vietnam carried. This helps him to move to a more symbolic sense at the end of the story. He starts by talking about necessities and slowly moves on to what they carried to remind them that there was a world out sideRead MoreEssay On The Things They Carried1058 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"The Things They Carried† provides a personal view into the minds of soldiers, and tells us the emotional and psychological costs of war. First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross is stationed in Vietnam in the middle of the war. He seems to be a man in love, or more like a man in love with the idea of a lady named Martha. He ends up changing from a love struck, blind man into a firm, leading soldier. In this story, the characters do the things they do because of desires and motivations. In â€Å"The ThingsRead MoreThe Things They Carried Essay1603 Words   |  7 PagesThe Things They Carried, every soldier carried something different; different equipment, different memories, and different guilt. Their equipment would change as they travelled through the book, but one common thing that the soldiers would all be forced to carry is the weight of losing one of their own. Though it might weight differently from man to man, changing depending on how well they knew the soldier, it is a weight they all felt. Though several soldiers died in The Things They Carried, theRead MoreThe Things They Carried Essay2626 Words   |  11 PagesAmerican History. During this time a lot of young people were anti-war, they were sick of losing people they loved to violence. Though the war still needed to be fought so men became soldiers freely or because they were drafted. In the story â€Å"Things They Carried†, soldiers are faced head on with the Vietnam War. Tim O’Br ien shows how the men carry the weight of physical objects through out the war. The men bog themselves down with physical objects that they do not necessarily need yet, they can drop

Communication Methods Free Essays

Face to Face communication Advantage: Creates a better experience because the depth of understanding is enhanced by body language and posture. Disadvantage: Body language could be misread and lead to a miscommunication of the intended message. Telephone Advantage: With the presence of cell phones, communication can be done anytime and anywhere. We will write a custom essay sample on Communication Methods or any similar topic only for you Order Now Disadvantage: The cell phone presents times when phone conversations may not be appropriate and could cause a miscommunication in the conversation. Videoconferencing Advantage: It is inexpensive, builds relationships, and allows face to face communication. Disadvantage: There could be technical problems that hinder the conference from happening. Email Advantage: Very fast. Can be changed instantly. It can reach large amounts of people at one time. Disadvantage: May not be written clearly and can cause miscommunication. Memos Advantage: Reach a large amount of employees at one time. The message could be very traditional or high impact that is easy to interpret. Disadvantage: The memo could have a message that is not easy to interpret and is hard for the reader to understand. Address the following scenarios: 1. One of your employees is constantly late, leaving food and drinks at the work station, and you are forced to address the situation. The best form of communication for this situation is face to face. Face to face communication is the â€Å"richest: form of communication because it contains cues from many sources that add to the interpretation of the message exchanged by the sender and receiver. . This would be the form because it is important that the employee who is participating in this type of behavior in the workplace understand the implications of the rules that are being broken in the workplace. The employee may need a serious demeanor and body language that expresses that this type of behavior can and will not be tolerated. The employer also needs to see the body language of the employee so that they can see if the employee takes the situation seriously and plans to make changes. 2. You need to let all employees know about a company special event. The best form of communication for this scenario is an email. The email would have to be highly detailed. It would need to include: time, place, cost, and theme of event. The email would need to ensure to let employees know if they can bring a guest or if it is for employees only. The email would need to include rather or not the employee needs to state if they are attending the event or not. It would need to be clear and concise. 3. You hear from a friend that a client is about to sign a contract with one of your present competitors. The best form of communication to deal with this scenario is face to face communication. In this scenario a meeting may need to be arranged. That way the client could be persuaded on the reasons why it would be best to use your company versus the competition. You may also be able to build a level of rapport with the competitor because you were upfront about the information you heard in regards to the contract. 4. You have three bids on a piece of equipment and you need to get a management decision on purchasing. The best form of communication of for this scenario is videoconferencing. Videoconferencing would allow the  managers to see the equipment and understand why one product could be a better purchase than the other. The videoconference would give the manager the luxury of using video aids without leaving the comfort their office. How to cite Communication Methods, Papers

Michael Porters Model analysis of the Russias color Cosmetics Industry

Introduction Revlon is a global leader in the beauty and personal care industry, focusing primarily on color cosmetic products. Since its establishment in 1932 by Charles Revson, Joseph Revson along with a chemist, Charles Lachman, it has grown to be a leading global brand name with subsidiaries all over the world. It is now eyeing the vibrant Russian market on its expansion plan.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Michael Porter’s Model analysis of the Russia’s color Cosmetics Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, before venturing into this highly competitive market, as per business requisites, it is required to conduct an investment feasibility study of extending Revlon’s color cosmetics products into the Russian market. In this report we will conduct a PESTEL analysis to understand Russia’s attractiveness as a country and use the Michael Porter’s Five Competitive F orces Model – with a bias on the two major competitive forces of the model, namely the bargaining power of suppliers and bargaining power of buyers – to understand the competition in the Russian color cosmetics industry in order to determine its attractiveness as a market for Revlon and analyze the intensity of competition in Russia’s color cosmetics industry. But, first let us get a general overview of Russian cosmetic industry to understand the market. According to the â€Å"Russian Cosmetics Market Forecast (2008-2012),† Russia is emerging as one of the most vibrant cosmetics industry within Europe; figuratively, as ofo 2008 the industry enjoyed a growth of approximately 9-14 % annually (Global Impact 2010) and for the first time the industry hit the US$ 9 billion mark. This trend can be attributed to factors such as growing per capita purchasing on cosmetics, promising consumer preferences, growing products creativeness and the attractiveness of the R ussian cosmetic industry that has attracted many international players in the market, which have shown the sustainability of the industry even in the long run. Even during the 2007-2009 global recession the market remained strong and as of now is expected to grow at approximately 8.8 percent annually during the 2010-2013 period (BAC 2011). Figure 2. growth in the size of russian cosmetic industry before 2007 source alexander aginsky the russian blog.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Russian color cosmetic industry is dominated by foreign giants who enjoy a significant 53% of the market share and the rest by local companies which command a 43% percent of the market share while (Podsushnaya 2010). The largest segment of Russian cosmetic industry belongs to hair care and color cosmetics each enjoying a sales share of approximately 18 and 17.7% respectively. Figure 1. A pi e chart representing the segment share by sales value of cosmetics in russia in 2008 Enough been noted of the Russian cosmetic industry, which seems to be favor of Revlon, we will now look at the two competitive forces of the model, that is, the bargaining power of suppliers and the bargaining power of buyers within Russia’s color cosmetics industry. Bargaining power of buyers Business in an international or multinational scale is not an easy affair as an organization deals with different types of buyers. It is therefore necessary that managers and those who are in top decision making organs in commercial organizations to know that their goals such as profits, revenues, survival, and growth will be ultimately affected by the bargaining power of buyers combined with political, economic, social, environmental and legal forces within an industry (Anderson 1982: Frey 2008). According to porter’s model, the bargaining power of buyers drives competition (Wheelen Hunger 2002 ; Worthington Britton 2009). In the case for the Russian cosmetic industry, the bargaining power of buyers will often affect the floor and ceiling price within the industry. The ceiling price within the cosmetic industry can be said to be the highest amount possible that a company like Revlon can be able to charge for its products, while on the other hand the floor price is simply the lowest price that it can charge for its products (Ansoff 1995; Howard 1957; Stevenson 1985).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Michael Porter’s Model analysis of the Russia’s color Cosmetics Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Commercial organizations will always search avenues and peruse strategies that often reduce the bargaining power of buyers to increase chances of charging higher prices and increase their gross profit margins while on the other hand rational consumers will always struggle to push up their bargaining power and therefore and save on funds (Camillus 1986). The following are variables that may end up affecting the bargaining power of buyers in either direction: A buyer purchases a huge fraction of the sellers product or service According to Aginsky Consulting Group, Russians spend about 11-13% of their income on cosmetic products. Cosmetic retailers purchase 29%,Departmental stores 24%,direct sales 20%phamacies 10% and concept stores 55% therefore buyer who purchases a large portion of the total inventory of Revlon is more likely to have a higher bargaining power than that a client who buys a small portion. Consumers who purchase large portions often end up demanding for large discounts as compared to those consumers who purchase smaller proportions (Kumar 1997; Hutt and Speh 1995).Therefore Cosmetic retailers will have a higher bargaining power than concept stores while pharmacies may have medium bargaining power. B) Buyer has the potential to integrate backward Backwar d integration is whereby a buyer can produce the product him/herself. When consumers either individual or institutional can produce the product itself i.e. products such as soap, lipstick, and other forms of products they in turn will increase their own bargaining power (Porter 1990). Making cosmetics is a complex and expensive process, and the Russian industry does not have, or if there are very few, cottage industries or individuals who can make cosmetic products for their own subsistence consumption and therefore the bargaining power of buyers is low to this respect, therefore implying that companies such as Revlon enjoy a higher bargaining power (Podsushnaya, 2010).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More C) Alternative suppliers The number of participants within the Russian cosmetic industry is highly important, because the more the cosmetic companies the more the number of product options among the consumers. Consumers who are presented with a lot of options that come from Revlon’s competitors such as Svoboda, Ferberlia, Kosmetika, Nerskaya, Kalina and many others leave the consumer more empowered and consequently have a higher bargaining power (Waterschoot Bulte 1992). Consumers/buyers with a higher bargaining power serve as a threat to a commercial enterprises’ competitive advantage because they have the ability to push prices down. Conversely, when there are fewer options for consumers as it is the case for monopolistic businesses than their bargaining power is greatly reduced (Khermouch 2003). Pyatyorochka, Perekryostok, Sedmoy Continent, Ramstore, Auchan, and Metro are some of the large retail outlet chains that interact directly with consumers by stocking mass market products therefore have the consumer’s freedom to choose to visit any of these stores making consumers enjoy high levels of bargaining power. D) Changing supplier costs (switching costs) Switching costs are the total costs that a consumer is expected to incur when he/she decides to move from one brand to another (Halinen 1995; Tait 2010). High switching costs translate to lower bargaining power for consumers and therefore intensity of competition within an industry increases. For the Russian color cosmetics consumers, there are no switching costs for changing from one brand to another, thus new products it is easy to enter the market provided the products prove different from the rest and through the right marketing channel. Buyers therefore enjoy high levels of bargaining power (Tait 2007), making it suitable for free competition between industry participants. E) A buyer earns low profits and consequently is very sensitive to cost and service differences A buyer somet imes is a reseller, that is, somebody buys, say, Revlon’s products as a wholesaler/distributor who buys a product with the outright intention of reselling the products again to make profit (Anderson Narus 1990; Dwyer, Schurr and Oh 1987). These individuals and commercial enterprises in the market such as, Pyatyorochka, Perekryostok, Sedmoy Continent, Ramstore, Auchan, and Metro, become highly price sensitive because their purchases are based on future expected price margins. If their purchases mean that they will enjoy fewer profits then they may end up not stocking products of that supplier and therefore Revlon may enjoy moderate bargaining power and aim to those who stock their products (Ford 1990; Heide 1994). Conclusion and recommendations For Revlon to successfully penetrate the Russian market, given that the bargaining power of Russian cosmetic consumers is very high, it needs to find ways and means of reducing the bargaining power of buyers so that it can attain a sig nificant market share, hence margins of Revenue. This can be achieved through strategic marketing, and promotions, pricing mechanisims and devise effective market penetration tactics. Bargaining power of suppliers According to the â€Å"Russian Cosmetic Industry Report†, the cosmetic market for mass section products is over-dominated by both local firms such as Kalina, Nerskaya Kosmetika, Svoboda, and Faberilic who enjoy a 43%-49% market share while 49%-53% market share belongs to foreign companies such as Procter Gamble, Schwarzkopf Henkel, Unilever and Beiersdorf. The domestic manufacturers’ products are more preferred by the Russian consumers for foreign companies like PG among others. Thus, for Revlon it is quite a challenge to penetrate the market though it is not impossible, and as a recommendation it needs to deliver to low end markets and pursue a cost leadership strategy (Kefela 2010). Suppliers also consist of influential organizations or people; this is si mply because the kind of products which they sell is raw materials. Without these raw materials than production will be disabled (Abell and John Hammond 1979; Light and Laura 1992). Suppliers are individuals/companies who usually want or aim to maximize the profit margin of the product which they supply to their clients and therefore will always sell products at high prices. Revlon sources its raw materials from multiple sources including farmers, pharmaceutical companies, plastic manufacturers and labs who manufacture chemical compounds. Each and every one of these supplier therefore aims to maximize his/her bargaining power while on the other hand Revlon wishes to pay less for raw materials and save on funds (Spekman Johnston 1986). It therefore becomes necessary for Revlon to formulate and implement strategies that will in turn reduce the bargaining power of suppliers and reduce the prices that they charge for raw materials (Kourdi 2009; Na. 2006). It is important to know the c ost of inputs can be used as a source of key company competencies as it is the case for Toyota motors. Toyota has successfully found avenues of reducing costs by sourcing the highest quality of raw materials from the cheapest sources within the industry. The following are factors that can affect the bargaining power of suppliers: (Weetman 2006) If the supplier industry is subject to a few companies When an entire industry has only a few suppliers and many buyers, the demand of raw materials increases tremendously and consequently the bargaining power of suppliers increases (Kitchen 2005; Jaber 2009). The Russian cosmetic industry has many participants and numerous suppliers ranging from laboratories, farms and pharmaceutical manufacturers therefore suppliers have a lower bargaining power. The increased number of supplier options means that participants such as Revlon and others are entitled to a higher bargaining power when negotiating with suppliers. If a product supplied by a supp lier is unique or highly differentiated Some suppliers produce highly differentiated raw materials to sell to their clientele. A good example is pharmaceutical products that are made from mixing numerous chemical compounds that are supplied to Revlon by leading world pharmaceutical companies that are used to make hair, oil and skin lotions. These products are highly differentiated and come around as a result of high levels of differentiation that can only be obtained by scientists who spend a lot of resources and their time in laboratories and therefore pharmaceutical as suppliers gain more bargaining power (Lancaster Withey 2006). Therefore suppliers who supply these products to Revlon have a high bargaining power. C) Availability of substitutes The availability of substitutes often means that there are more and more options on the table for those who purchase products (Lim 2009; Hiles 2010). But when there are no substitutes in an industry then suppliers are placed in a better c ompetitive position. Revlon being a multinational company, it sources its raw materials from numerous suppliers and has a lot of options for formulating cosmetics and therefore consequently has a high bargaining power when entering into contracts of supply with other suppliers. Therefore lowering the bargaining power of these suppliers. D) The ability of suppliers to integrate forward Sometimes suppliers are able to produce products that compete at the same time with their customers (Sinkovics Ghauri 2009; Koontz Weihrich 2009). For example pharmaceutical companies are able to produce products which at the same time compete with the products that are produced by Revlon therefore driving down the bargaining power of Revlon. Some Participants within this industry act as suppliers of raw material and at the same time also produce end products therefore increasing the level of competitive intensity within the industry and their bargaining power as suppliers and consequently lowering t he bargaining power of Revlon when they enter into contacts of supply (Alexander 2010). E) When the purchasing industry buys only a small portion of the supplier’s product Figure 3. An illustration various industries and the respective portions of the supplier’s product ( i.E cosmetics) that they purchase. Suppliers may consider some of its customers unimportant simply because the customers who consist within this industry only form a very small portion of their sales (Charles et al 2009; Kotler Keller 2006). When suppliers are in such a position they may threaten their customers by either stating that the desire to exit from such industry and therefore increasing their bargaining power (Campbell et al 2002). Consequently, they will charge more for their products and services. In the case of 2.9% pharmacies industry represent a small portion of the total purchases that are bought from cosmetic companies. Cosmetic companies who supply to this industry will have a high er bargaining power, conversely cosmetic companies serving Departmental store will have reduced bargaining power. When suppliers enjoy such high levels of bargaining power then industry participants like Revlon may often suffer by paying higher prices for supplies and hence proper material sourcing is required. Conclusion and Recommendations Looking at the high bargaining power of buyers and a low bargaining power of suppliers, it seems the Russian color cosmetics industry still has a lot of potential even for new entrants into the market, like Revlon. Revlon has plenty of resources at hand and it needs to exploit other means and mechanisms that will reduce the bargaining power of suppliers, while maintaining the bargaining power of suppliers. References Abell, D. and John S. (1979). Strategic Market Planning: Problems and Analytical Approaches. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Alexander A., Russia Blog. 2010. Retrieved from http://www.russiablog.org/2008/09/russian_cosmetics_ma rket_overv.php Allison, M. Kaye, J. (2005). Simplified strategic planning: a no-nonsense guide for busy people who want results fast. Worcester, MA: Chandler House Press. Anderson, J. and Narus, J. (1990). A model of distributor firm and manufacturer firm working. Journal of Marketing, Vol. 54, pp. 42-58. Anderson, P. (1982). Marketing, Strategic Planning, and the Theory of the Firm, Journal of Marketing, 46, 7–23. Ansoff, H. (1995). Corporate Strategy: An Analytical Approach to Business Policy for Growth and Expansion. New York: McGraw-Hill. BAC. (Jan, 2011). Cosmetic industry in Russian Federation: Business Report 2011. Moscow: Business Analytic Center (BAC). Camillus, J. (1986). Strategic planning and management control: systems for survival and Success. Lexington, KY: Lexington Books. Campbell et al. (2002). Business Strategy an Introduction, 2 edn. Linacre House, Banbury Rd: Butterworth-Heinemann. Carsrud, A. Malin, E. (2007). Brà ¤nnback and Entrepreneurship, Illustr ated edition. Washington, DC: Greenwood Publishing Group. Charles, L. et al. (2009). Essentials of Marketing. Natorp Boulevard: Cengage Learning. Davis, K. R. (1961). Marketing Management: Text and Cases. New York: The Ronald Press Company. Dwyer, F. R., Schurr, P. and Oh, S. (1987). Developing buyer-seller relationships. Journal of Marketing, Vol. 51, pp. 11-27. Ford, D. (1980), Buyer/seller relationships in international industrial markets†, European. Journal of Marketing, Vol. 14 No. 5, pp. 339-54. Ford, D. (Ed.) (1990). Understanding Business Markets: Interaction, Relationships and Processes. Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 5, pp. 319-32. Frey, R. S. (2008). Successful strategies for Small Businesses: using product knowledge, 5 edn, Artech House Inc: Norwood. Global Impact Consulting Retrieved from http://globalimpactconsulting.com/25/2/1/hot_markets/russia/cosmetics.html HaÊkansson, H., Johanson, J. and Wootz, B. (1976). Influence tactics in buyer-seller Relation ships: a preliminary conceptualization. Industrial Marketing and Purchasing, Vol. 1 No. 3, pp. 44-58. Halinen, A. (1995). Presentation Development of buyer-seller relationships: suggestions for future in London. Heide, J. (1994). Interorganizational governance in marketing channels. Journal of Marketing, Vol. 58, pp. 71-85. Hiles, A. (2010). The definitive Handbook of Business Continuity Management. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons. Howard, A. (1957). Marketing Management: Analysis and Planning. Homewood, IL: Richard D. Irwin. Hutt, M. 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Marketing Insights from A to Z: 80 concepts every manager needs to know. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons Inc. Kotler, P., Keller, K. (2006). Marketing Management, 13 edition. Prentice Hall: New York. Kourdi, J. (2009). Business Strategy: A Guide to Effective Decision Making, 2 edn, Economist books: New York. Kumar, R. (1997). The role of affect in negotiations: an integrative overview. The Journal of marketing, 17. Lancaster, G. Withey, F. (2006). Marketing Fundamentals: CIM Course book, London: Butterwor th-Heimann.. Light, L. and Laura Z. (1992). Painting a New Face on Revlon. Business Week, pp. 26-27. Lim, C. (2009). Beyond sustainability: optimizing tourism development. International Journal of Tourism Research 11(1), 89-103. Na. (2006). Russia: Shoppers Gone Wild. Business Week. Retrieved from http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_08/b3972071.htm Na. (2007). Cosmetics marched to the Russian regions. Cosmetics in Russia. Retrieved from http://www.cosmeticsinrussia.com/showart.phtm?reg=fulltype=mnum=1598 Na. (2007). Russian personal care market grew by 15% according to AC Nielsen. Cosmetics in Russia. Retrieved from http://www.cosmeticsinrussia.com/view.phtm?reg=listtype=nnum=1786 Na. (2008). Market Overview of the Russian Cosmetics Market. Commercecan.ic. Retrieved from http://commercecan.ic.gc.ca/scdt/bizmap/interface2.nsf/vDownload/IMI_3373/$file/X_7999816.DOC Nelson, E. (2001). Forget Supermodels–Revlon’s New Face Gets Lipstick on Her Teeth. Wall Street Journal, p. B1. Podsushnaya, I., 2010.Russian American Business. Retrieved from http://russianamericanbusiness.org/web_CURRENT/articles/593/1/Russia%3A-Cosmetics-Market. Porter, E. M. (1990). The competitive Advantage of Nations. Northampton, MA: Free Press. Sinkovics, R. R, Ghauri N. (2009). New Challenges to International Marketing. Wagon Lane Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing. Spekman, R. E. and Johnston, W. J. (1986). 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is crime caused by genetics essays

is crime caused by genetics essays Throughout time there have been many different reasons associated with why people commit crimes. It has been said that crimes are committed because of criminals past and the way that they grow up. Many people also feel that crimes are associated with the criminals minds or are simply due to the fact that a person was in the wrong place at the wrong time. Scientists have done research and feel that there are many things that are genetic. A fairly new question that is being asked is the question of genetics and crime. Is crime genetic? Many geneticists feel that crime is somewhat genetic, and may even be more genetic than they know. In Tabitha M. Powledges article that appeared in the magazine BioScience in 1993, she expresses the point that crime and genetics are related. She also stated that knowing this was not going to be enough information to contribute significantly to helping or preventing crime. Scientists have found that more than 80% of those arrested for any crime, and more than 90% of those arrested for violent crime, possess a Y chromosome. (Powledge) This somewhat proves the theory that crime is related to genetics. Besides the Y chromosome there is really no other gene that is related to crime according to Powledges article. She states Like other complex traits, most behaviors appear to result from the actions of multiple genes, with generous input from outside the DNA as well. (Powledge) This shows that there is probably no one gene that will cause a person to commit a crime. In a conference held about genetics and criminal behavior in 1992, one of the conferences members, Margaret McCar thy gave an excellent metaphor with lemonade about how genes affect crimes. She said that lemonade is compounded from many different ingredients such as lemonade and sugar. According to McCarthy these ingredients are inseparable. This is the same as with genes. There is no s...

History of Mutiny on the Bounty

History of Mutiny on the Bounty In the late 1780s, noted botanist Sir Joseph Banks theorized that breadfruit plants which grew on the islands of the Pacific could be brought to the Caribbean where they could be used as a cheap food source for slaves working on British plantations. This concept received support from the Royal Society which offered a prize for attempting such an endeavor. As discussions ensued, the Royal Navy offered to provide a ship and crew to transport breadfruit to the Caribbean. To this end, the collier Bethia was purchased in May 1787 and renamed His Majestys Armed Vessel Bounty. Mounting four 4-pdr guns and ten swivel guns, command of Bounty was assigned to Lieutenant William Bligh on August 16. Recommended by Banks, Bligh was a gifted sailor and navigator who had previously distinguished himself as sailing master aboard Captain James Cooks HMS Resolution (1776-1779). Through the latter part of 1787, efforts moved forward to prepare the ship for its mission and assemble a crew. This done, Bligh departed Britain in December and set a course for Tahiti. Outbound Voyage Bligh initially attempted to enter the Pacific via Cape Horn. After a month of trying and failing due to adverse winds and weather, he turned and sailed east around the Cape of Good Hope. The voyage to Tahiti proved smooth and few punishments were given to the crew. As Bounty was rated as a cutter, Bligh was the only commissioned officer on board. To permit his men longer periods of uninterrupted sleep, he divided the crew into three watches. In addition, he raised Masters Mate Fletcher Christian to the rank of acting lieutenant in March so that he could oversee one of the watches. Life in Tahiti This decision angered Bountys sailing master, John Fryer. Reaching Tahiti on October 26, 1788, Bligh and his men collected 1,015 breadfruit plants. The delay off Cape Horn led to a five-month delay in Tahiti as they had to wait for the breadfruit trees to mature enough to transport. During this time, Bligh allowed the men to live ashore among the islanders. Enjoying Tahitis warm climate and relaxed atmosphere, some of the men, including Christian took native wives. As a result of this environment, naval discipline began to break down. Attempting to control the situation, Bligh was increasingly forced to punish his men and floggings became more routine. Unwilling to submit to this treatment after enjoying the islands warm hospitality, three sailors, John Millward, William Muspratt, and Charles Churchill deserted. They were quickly recaptured and though they were punished, it was less severe than recommended. In the course of events, a search of their belongings produced a list of names including Christian and Midshipman Peter Heywood. Lacking additional evidence, Bligh could not charge the two men as aiding in the desertion plot. Mutiny Though unable to take action against Christian, Blighs relationship with him continued to deteriorate and he began to relentlessly ride his acting lieutenant. On April 4, 1789, Bounty departed Tahiti, much to the displeasure of many of the crew. On the night of April 28, Christian and 18 of the crew surprised and bound Bligh in his cabin. Dragging him on deck, Christian bloodlessly took control of the ship despite the fact that the most of the crew (22) sided with the captain. Bligh and 18 loyalists were forced over the side into Bountys cutter and given a sextant, four cutlasses, and several days food and water. Blighs Voyage As Bounty turned to return to Tahiti, Bligh set course for the nearest European outpost at Timor. Though dangerously overloaded and lacking charts, Bligh succeeded in sailing the cutter first to Tofua for supplies, then on to Timor. After sailing 3,618 miles, Bligh arrived at Timor after a 47-day voyage. Only one man was lost during the ordeal when he was killed by natives on Tofua. Moving on to Batavia, Bligh was able to secure transport back to England. In October 1790, Bligh was honorably acquitted for the loss of Bounty and records show him to have been a compassionate commander who frequently spared the lash. Bounty Sails On Retaining four loyalists aboard, Christian steered Bounty to Tubuai where the mutineers attempted to settle. After three months of fighting with the natives, the mutineers re-embarked and sailed to Tahiti. Arriving back at the island, twelve of the mutineers and the four loyalists were put ashore. Not believing that they would be safe in Tahiti, the remaining mutineers, including Christian, embarked supplies, six Tahitian men, and eleven women in September 1789. Though they scouted the Cook and Fiji Islands, the mutineers did not feel that either offered sufficient safety from the Royal Navy. Life on Pitcairn On January 15, 1790, Christian re-discovered Pitcairn Island which had been misplaced on British charts. Landing, the party quickly established a community on Pitcairn. To reduce their chances of discovery, they burned Bounty on January 23. Though Christian attempted to maintain peace in the small community, relations between the Britons and Tahitians soon collapsed leading to fighting. The community continued to struggle for several years until Ned Young and John Adams took control in the mid-1790s. Following Youngs death in 1800, Adams continued to build the community. Aftermath of the Mutiny on the Bounty While Bligh was acquitted for the loss of his ship, the Royal Navy actively sought to capture and punish the mutineers. In November 1790, HMS Pandora (24 guns) was sent to search for Bounty. Reaching Tahiti on March 23, 1791, Captain Edward Edwards was met by four of Bountys men. A search of the island soon located ten additional members of Bountys crew. These fourteen men, a mix of mutineers and loyalists, were held in a cell on the ships deck known as Pandoras Box. Departing on May 8, Edwards searched the neighboring islands for three months before turning for home. While passing through the Torres Strait on August 29, Pandora ran aground and sank the next day. Of those on board, 31 crew and four of the prisoners were lost. The remainder embarked in Pandoras boats and reached Timor in September. Transported back to Britain, the ten surviving prisoners were court-martialed. Four of the ten were found innocent with Blighs backing while the other six were found guilty. Two, Heywood and James Morrison, were pardoned, while another escaped on a technicality. The remaining three were hung aboard HMS Brunswick (74) on October 29, 1792. A second breadfruit expedition departed Britain in August 1791. Again led by Bligh, this group successfully delivered breadfruit to the Caribbean but the experiment proved a failure when the slaves refused to eat it. On the far side of the world, Royal Navy ships relocated Pitcairn Island in 1814. Making contact with those ashore, they reported the final details of Bounty to the Admiralty. In 1825, Adams, the lone surviving mutineer, was granted amnesty.

People and Organisation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

People and Organisation - Research Paper Example In a competitive market, a large number of producers strive to satisfy the needs of the same consumers. These rivalry means that no one party can dictate the price of goods or the direction that the market will adopt. Each player influences the marketing strategy that the other adopts (Economics Online (EO, 2012) When the prospects of gain are high, more firms are bound to enter the market and this is in line with the basic economic theory which dictates that for profits to be earned, the returns in revenue must outweigh the cost of production (Allen N.J. et al. 1990.pp.638-642). The profits could be termed as normal or abnormal depending on the revenue collected. According to Lan Li: If the returns equal the cost then the profit is normal but if they surpass the cost, it is abnormal. In the case of Coca-Cola Company, the stock of goods lessens with every purchase and this is in line with the Principle of Diminishability. As the stocks approach zero, the price escalates and this drives the company to boost production. Perfect Competition: for a market to be perfectly economical, the number of buyers and sellers must by very large and for the producers, there is the freedom to join and exit the market at ones will. Monopoly market: monopoly describes a market scene where only one producer dictates the type of product to be availed and it is brought about by the absence of substitutes. This form of dominance brings about limitations on market entry. Duopoly on the other hand brings into play the theory of Oligopoly whereby there are two entities in the market and they are completely independent of each other’s operations. The competition lies between the two firms and they can therefore adjust their prices so as to gain the upper hand in the sales. Oligopoly means that there is a number of entities in the market and they try to outdo each other. Therefore any strategy adopted be it advertising or

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Assignment - Essay Example Still, the Police may be able to pin both of the individuals for drug trafficking and possession if they have seen marijuana in plain sight and if it is not the case then, the seizure and search took place in the given scenario is not admissible to the court of law. The couple can only be prosecuted for violating customs check. Q.2 The need to practice due diligence is applicable in this case because Tangelo was well aware of the dangers that were associated with watching a baseball game (Jennings pp.300). Additionally, she had read the statement behind the tickets which relieved the organization from any kind of liability for an incident that may take place during the games and that formed a tort. Furthermore, the featured organization had taken preventive measure in order to contain the ball and the punching of a hole in the net can be identified as a mere coincident. The whole incident can be presented as a consequence of a decision to go and watch a game while; the injured party was having knowledge of the risks and therefore, cannot claim successfully for damages in the court of law. The court might decide to apply ordinary damages in this regard. Q.3 The purchaser has already conditionalized its performance with a favorable outcome of an event and therefore, the condition of obtaining a loan from the bank was a valid part of the contract that was signed by both parties (Jennings pp.35). The claim of specific performance is invalid because the purchasing party stated a condition that has to be fulfilled before a contract can be practiced. The seller however, can claim damages and specific performance against the involved bank whose manager did not supply the seller with a loan on a personal conflict. If the bank’s incapacity to loan the seller is legally justified then the charges will be dropped. Q.4 The environmental laws are growingly applied in order to preserve natural habitat of earth and therefore, the companies are strongly being recommended to take stronger measures towards returning to the environment what they have taken from it previously. Additionally, the companies that have become sensitive in the direction of preserving natural environment over the past few years are now adding environmental costs while, performing strategic decision making (Esty pp. 25). The governments on the hand are applying environmental taxation on firms that are known to pollute the environment in abundance. Finally, the companies like Herman Miller, FedEx and McDonalds have been cited in the book with the title of â€Å"Green to Gold† for their exceptional level of strategic dedication for environmental safety. Q.5 The companies are liable for the safety of their employees under the US labor law. The excuse that Nick was operating the crane in an inappropriate way means that he is either incapable or poorly trained. In both of the cases organization is at fault because either they are making an untrained or poorly trained person to run the crane. The company should have known about Nick’s poor ability to manage crane. Based on the above argument, Nick is fully capable and eligible to receive damages and treatment expenses from his employer. Q.6 The pay structure is determined on the basis of one’